LLMs Improve DDH Caregiver Education Outcomes

A 2026 two-phase study evaluated four large language models (ChatGPT-4, DeepSeek-V3, Gemini 2.0 Flash, Copilot) for caregiver education on developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) using expert ratings and a pilot randomized controlled trial. In a 127-caregiver RCT, LLM-generated materials varied in quality and were associated with modest improvements in eHealth literacy and DDH knowledge, with small-to-moderate effect sizes.