China Advances Domestic Semiconductor Self-Sufficiency Goals

Since launching Made in China 2025 in 2013, Beijing has invested tens to hundreds of billions in the Big Fund and related projects; NYT estimates $150 billion, UBS forecasts $280 billion in wafer-fab equipment 2022–2028. Those investments produced competitive chip design firms (Alibaba, Huawei, Biren, Cambricon), dozens of mature-node fabs, and memory players YMTC and CXMT, but China still lacks leading-edge process technologies.